Swachh Bharath Mission (Gramin)

Swachh Bharath Mission (Gramin)

The Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) is a scheme launched to improve and ensure sanitation standards in rural areas of the country. The second phase of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) aims to provide toilets to all rural households, ensure scientific fecal waste management, set up liquid waste management systems, and establish solid waste management systems.

The mission, which began in 2020-21, aims to sustain the Open Defecation Free (ODF) status achieved and further improve solid and liquid waste management systems. This project is implemented through the integration of financial resources such as the 15th Finance Commission Grant, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), MP/MLA funds, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funding. The financial share of the Swachh Bharat Mission is borne by the central and state governments in a 60:40 ratio. This mission will continue until 2025-26.

Implementation of Scheme Components

1. Individual Household Toilets (IHHL)

• Subsidy Amount: ₹12000/- (SBM (G))
• Local Body Contribution: ₹ 18000
• Total Amount per Unit: ₹30000(Septic tank with soak pit is mandatory)

Eligibility: This benefit is available only for newly constructed houses and left out beneficiaries in the 2016 survey. It is meant for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families, Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe (SC/ST) families, small and marginal farmers, and women-headed households. Including the local body contribution of ₹3,400, a total of ₹21,400 per unit is allocated. This amount is provided only when a toilet is constructed along with a septic tank and soak pit.

2. Community Sanitary Complexes (CSC)

• 70% from SBM(G): ₹2.10 lakh
• 30% from the 15th Finance Commission: ₹0.90 lakh
• Total Amount per Unit: ₹3 lakh

Each village must have at least one Community Sanitary Complex. The maintenance costs should be borne by the respective community. Separate compartments should be built for men and women. The unit cost for a single complex is ₹3 lakh, and additional funding sources like Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and CSR funding can be used.

3. Solid Waste Management (SWM)

• MCF (Material Collection Facility): MCF Construction, Bailing machines, weighing scales, fire safety equipment, sanitary facilities, etc. Mini MCFs will be installed in necessary locations.
• Per capita allocation for Gram Panchayats: ₹45
• Funding Share: 70% from SBM(G), 30% from the 15th Finance Commission Grant

3.1 Community level Composting Systems

Composting units such as the Thumburmuzhi model can be set up in areas with a high density of households, colonies, markets, and public spaces. Gram Panchayats can select implementing agencies for these projects.

3.2 Vehicles for Solid Waste Collection

Tricycles, battery-operated vehicles, and mechanized vehicles can be purchased by Panchayats for waste collection from households and transportation to MCF and RRF facilities.

4. Gobar-Dhan (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources)

• Bio-gas plants can be constructed in markets, residential complexes, and colonies generating large amounts of organic waste.
• Biogas plants can process organic waste, animal waste, and cow dung.
• Each district can implement projects up to ₹50 lakh using SBM(G) funds. Additional units can be built using the 15th Finance Commission Grant under the National New Biogas Organic Manure Program (NNBOMP).

5. Plastic Waste Management (PWM)

• A unit for collecting, sorting, and storing clean non-biodegradable waste will be set up at the Block Panchayat level.
• Necessary equipment like baling, shredding machines, and conveyor belts will be installed.
• Funding: ₹16 lakh per Block Panchayat from SBM(G).

6. Liquid Waste Management (LWM)

6.1 Greywater Management

Greywater refers to liquid waste that does not contain fecal matter and is discharged from households and institutions. It is generated from our daily activities and contains some chemical and organic pollutants. This includes wastewater from kitchens, bathing, laundry, household cleaning, livestock maintenance, and overflow or runoff from public water sources and taps.

Uses of Treated Greywater

• Cleaning homes, vehicles, public spaces, and toilets
• Cleaning homes, vehicles, public spaces, and toilets
• Fish farming and groundwater recharge

Financial Allocation

At the Panchayat level, greywater treatment facilities, such as Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS), sedimentation ponds, and other decentralized liquid waste treatment plants, will be established.

Funding Share

• 70% from Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)
• 30% from the 15th Finance Commission Grant

For villages with a population of over 5,000, an allocation of ₹660 per capita will be provided.

6.2 Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS)

Decentralized waste treatment systems, sedimentation ponds, and other localized liquid waste treatment plants will be established at the Panchayat level.

7. Fecal Sludge Management (FSM)

Fecal sludge refers to a combination of human waste, water, and solid waste (toilet paper, sanitary napkins, etc.) that accumulates in septic tanks and latrines. Over time, these can overflow and contaminate water sources, especially during prolonged monsoons.

FSM involves the scientific collection, transport, and treatment of fecal sludge to prevent environmental hazards. The handling process must ensure the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Funding for FSM

• Per capita allocation from SBM(G): ₹230
• Operation and Maintenance Costs: To be borne by local bodies using Finance Commission Grants and own funds.